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FICHES DE
RENSEIGNEMENTS

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Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.

Overview
General Information
ID Info
Similar Species
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Aperçu
Renseignements Généraux
Informations D'identification
Espèces Semblables
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Family :

Famille :

Apiaceae

Synonym(s) :

Synonyme(s) :

Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. (Darbyshire 2003, Brouillet 2010+, CABI 2022, POWO 2022)
Cerefolium sylvestre (L.) Bess. (Darbyshire et al. 1999, CABI 2022)

Common Name(s) :

Nom(s) commun(s) :

Cow parsley
(English) (GC 2016, CABI 2022)
Anthrisque des bois (French) (GC 2016)
Wild chervil (English) (Darbyshire 2003, Tropicos 2022, USDA-ARS 2022)
Cerfeuil sauvage (French) (Brouilleet 2010+, CABI 2022, USDA-ARS 2022)
E shen (Chinese) (USDA-ARS 2022)
Cerefolio silvestre (Spanish) (CABI 2022)
Erva-cicutaria (Portuguese) (CABI 2022)

Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarps

  • Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarps

  • Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarps

  • Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarp

  • Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarp

  • Anthriscus sylvestris schizocarps

Explore More :

Explore plus :

CABI
GRIN

Overview

Aperçu

Regulation :

Remarques Réglementation:

  • CFIA Weed Seeds Order - Class 2: Primary Noxious Weed Seeds

Regulation Notes:

Distribution :

Répartition :

Anthriscus sylvestris is native to northern and central Africa, Europe and Asia and introduced to southern Africa, North America and Chile (USDA-ARS 2022). The species occurs in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia (Brouillet et al. 2010+).

Habitat and Crop Association :

Habitat et Cultures Associées :

The species grows in pastures, damp meadows, old fields, open forests, stream banks, ditches, roadsides and other disturbed areas (Darbyshire et al. 1999, Darbyshire 2003). It is a weed of perennial forage crops and pastures in North America (Darbyshire et al. 1999).

Economic Use, cultivation area, and Weed Association :

Utilisation économique, zone de culture et association de mauvaises herbes :

Duration of Life Cycle :

Durée du cycle vital:

Biennial or short-lived perennial

Dispersal Unit Type :

Type d’unité de dispersion :

Schizocarp, divided into 2 mericarps

General Information

RENSEIGNEMENTS GÉNÉRAUX

Anthriscus sylvestris produces 800 to 10,000 seeds per plant, which are often dispersed by agricultural equipment (Rew et al. 1996) and traffic corridors (Magnússon 2006). This species prefers disturbed habitats and forest edges with moist or mesic soils, rich with organic matter (Darbyshire et al. 1999).

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Anthriscus sylvestris infestation (Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org)

Identification

Identification

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  • Mericarp

    Size

    •  Mericarp length*: 2.8 – 7.2 mm; width: 0.7 – 1.5 mm
    *Note: minimum and maximum of 20 mericarps in a normal range of this species using image measurement (ISMA 2020)

    Shape

    • Mericarp is long teardrop shaped, tapering to a remnant style at one end
    • Plano-convex in edge view

    Surface Texture

    • Mericarp surface is smooth
    • Deep furrow along one side of the mericarp

    Colour

    • Mericarp is shiny brown or greenish-brown coloured

    Other Features

    Mericarp end with style remnant

    • Style remnant is dull brown coloured and triangular shaped
    • Connective tissue between the mericarps may be attached to the style remnant

    Mericarp end opposite style remnant

    • Round or heart shaped, dull brown depression at the wide end

    Other features

    • The length or size is highly variable among mature mericarps
    • Immature mericarps are yellowish-brown coloured

    Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarps

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>

  • Seed

    Size

    • Seed is similar to mericarp size

    Shape

    • Seed is long teardrop shaped

    Surface Texture

    • Seed is smooth

    Colour

    • Seed is dark brown coloured

    Other Features

    • Seed coat thin, transparent, adhering to the fruit wall
<
>

  • Embryo

    Size

    • Embryo is a rudimentary size

    Shape

    • Embryo is linear and in a basal position

    Endosperm

    • Endosperm is hard and oily, dark brown coloured

Identification Tips

CONSEILS POUR L’IDENTIFICATION

The mericarps of the following three species may be similar in morphology: A. sylvestris, A. cerefolium and A. caucalis. The differences in the mericarps of these species are the size and the surface texture. A. cerefolium mericarps are the longest of the three species with a granular surface texture (Walters 2011). A. caucalis mericarps are the shortest with a spiny tuberculate texture, and A. sylvestris is medium length with a smooth texture.

Cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) mericarp

Additional Botany Information

AUTRES RENSEIGNEMENTS BOTANIQUES

Flowers/Inflorescence

  • Flowers are white, notched, 3 – 6 mm in diameter and arranged in a compound umbel (Darbyshire et al. 1999)

Vegetative Features

  • Stem (flowering stalk) is grooved, hollow and 0.3 – 1.5 m in height (Darbyshire et al. 1999)
  • Triangular leaves are much divided and resemble ferns (FVISS 2022)
  • Tap root may reach 2 m in depth (Darbyshire et al. 2003)

Anthriscus sylvestris flowers and inflorescence (Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org)

Similar Species

ESPÈCES SEMBLABLES

Similar species are based on a study of seed morphology of various species, and those with similar dispersal units are identified. The study is limited by physical specimen and literature availability at the time of examination, and possibly impacted by the subjectivity of the authors based on their knowledge and experience. Providing similar species information for seed identification is to make users aware of similarities that could possibly result in misidentification.

Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.

A. cerefolium mericarps are generally longer (length*: 5.8 – 9.2 mm; width: 0.7 – 1.0 mm) and are a thinner teardrop shape, almost cylindrical shaped. They have a sharply pointed style remnant, a granular surface texture and a wider furrow at the wide end of the mericarp, and translucent, greenish-brown endosperm compared to A. sylvestris. A. cerefolium is reported to grow in drier and sunnier habitats than A. sylvestris (Darbyshire et al. 1999).

*Note: minimum and maximum of 10 mericarps in a normal range of this species using image measurement (ISMA 2020)

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Reference(s)

Référence(s)

Brouillet, L., Coursol, F., Meades, S. J., Favreau, M., Anions, M., Bélisle, P. and Desmet, P. 2010+. VASCAN, the database of vascular plants of Canada. http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/ Accessed June 17, 2022.

Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI). 2022. Invasive Species Compendium, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/journal/cabicompendium Accessed Accessed June 17, 2022.

Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch. Ottawa, ON.

Darbyshire, S. J., Hoeg, R. and Haverkort, J. 1999. The biology of Canadian weeds. 111. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79: 671–682.

Fraser Valley Invasive Species Society (FVISS). 2022. https://fviss.ca/invasive-plant/wild-chervil  Accessed May 10, 2022.

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat. 2022. https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei Accessed via https://www.gbif.org/species/5371742 Accessed December 29, 2022.

Government of Canada (GC). 2016. Canadian Weed Seeds Order. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2016-93/page-2.html (English) https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/fra/reglements/DORS-2016-93/page-2.html (French)

International Seed Morphology Association (ISMA). 2020. Method for Seed Size Measurement. Version 1.0. ISMA Publication Guide.

Magnússon, S. H. 2006. NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Anthriscus sylvestris. Online Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species – NOBANIS, https://www.nobanis.org/species-info/?taxaId=1858 Accessed May 30, 2016.

Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2022. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ Accessed May 10, 2022.

Rew, L. J., Froud-Williams, R. J. and Boatman, N. D. 1996. Dispersal of Bromus sterilis and Anthriscus sylvestris seed within arable field margins. Department of Agricultural Botany, 2 Earley Gate, University of Reading, Reading, UK.

Tropicos. 2022. Missouri Botanical Garden. https://tropicos.org  Accessed May 10, 2022.

U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS). 2022. Germplasm Resources Information Network – (GRIN), https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx  Accessed May 10, 2022.

U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS). 2022. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA. http://plants.usda.gov Accessed December 29, 2022.

Walters, D.S. 2011. Identification Tool to Weed Disseminules of California Central Valley Table Grape Production Areas. USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Identification Technology Program, Fort Collins, CO. http://idtools.org/id/table_grape/weed-tool/ Accessed May 31, 2021.

 

Author(s)

AUTEUR(S)

Jennifer Neudorf, Angela Salzl, Ruojing Wang, Karen Castro, Katrina Entwistle

Canadian Food Inspection Agency