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Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz

Overview
General Information
ID Info
Similar Species
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Aperçu
Renseignements Généraux
Informations D'identification
Espèces Semblables
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Family :

Famille :

Brassicaceae

Synonym(s) :

Synonyme(s) :

Cardaria pubescens (USDA-ARS 2021)

Hymenophysa pubescens (USDA-ARS 2021)

Common Name(s) :

Nom(s) commun(s) :

Globe-pod hoary cress
(English) (GC 2016)

Cranson velu (French) (GC 2016)

Hairy whitetop (English) (CABI 2021)

Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seeds

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seeds

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seeds and pod

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seed

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seed

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seed, hilum view

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seed, close-up view of the hilum

  • Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seed, cross-section

Explore More :

Explore plus :

CABI
GRIN

Overview

Aperçu

Regulation :

Remarques Réglementation:

  • CFIA Weed Seeds Order - Class 2: Primary Noxious Weed Seeds

Regulation Notes:

Distribution :

Répartition :

Native to central Asia and introduced in Canada, the United States, and Argentina (USDA-ARS 2021). In the United States, it is mostly found in western and Midwestern states (Francis and Warwick 2008). In Canada, it occurs in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Brouillet et al. 2010+).

Habitat and Crop Association :

Habitat et Cultures Associées :

Cultivated fields, gardens, pastures, feedlots, grasslands, orchards, roadsides, railway lines and other disturbed areas (Darbyshire 2003; Zouhar 2004). A weed of pastures, Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Trifolium species (clover) fields in Canada (Francis and Warwick 2008). L. appelianum has invaded riparian areas and forest edges from pastures and contaminated hay in Canada (Francis and Warwick 2008).

Economic Use, cultivation area, and Weed Association :

Utilisation économique, zone de culture et association de mauvaises herbes :

Duration of Life Cycle :

Durée du cycle vital:

Perennial

Dispersal Unit Type :

Type d’unité de dispersion :

Seed

General Information

RENSEIGNEMENTS GÉNÉRAUX

Contaminated Medicago sativa (alfalfa) seed from central Asia or horse feed was the probable introduction route for L. appelianum into North America in the early 1900s (Francis and Warwick 2008). Plants require soil disturbed by cultivation or animals to become established (Warwick and Francis 2008).

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Lepidium appelianum plant (Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org)

Identification

Identification

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  • Silicle

    Size

    • Silicle length: 3.0 – 4.5 mm; width 2.5 – 4.5 mm (Francis and Warwick 2008)

    Shape

    • Silicles are globose to egg-shaped, strongly inflated in edge view

    Surface Texture

    • Silicle surface smooth with scattered or dense short hairs

    Colour

    • Silicle dull yellow coloured

    Other Features

    • Silicle shiny green coloured when immature
    • A persistent style remnant is at the end of the silicle 1.0 – 1.5 mm long (Francis and Warwick 2008)
    • Silicles do not open at maturity to release seeds (FNA 1993+)
    • Silicle is 2-chambered with generally 1 or 2 seeds per chamber, frequently seedless (Francis and Warwick 2008)

    Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seeds and pod

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>

  • Seed

    Size

    • Seed length: 1.5 – 2.0 mm; width: 1.0 – 1.4 mm
    *Note: minimum and maximum of 10 seeds in a normal range of this species using image measurement (ISMA 2020)

    Shape

    • Seed oval or egg-shaped, compressed in edge view

    Surface Texture

    • Seed surface is granular textured, ridged reticulate visible under high magnification

    Colour

    • Seed is reddish-brown coloured

    Other Features

    Hilum & Hilum area

    • Hilum in a notch at the narrow end of the seed, covered with yellowish tissue
    • Hilum area appears pinched, strongly compressed in edge view

    Other

    • The seed is oval or egg-shaped in cross section, generally with a small furrow between the radicle and cotyledons

    Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seeds

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>

  • Embryo

    Size

    • Embryo fills the seed

    Shape

    • Embryo is bent

    Endosperm

    • Endosperm is scant or lacking, nutritive tissue contained within cotyledons

    Other Features

    • Cotyledons are oval shaped, soft and orange coloured

    Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seed, cross-section

Identification Tips

CONSEILS POUR L’IDENTIFICATION

The oval or egg-shaped seeds of Lepidium appelianum appear similar to other Lepidium species such as L. draba, L. chalepense, L. campestre, L. sativum and L. densiflorum. The silicles of L. appelianum are more inflated than other Lepidium species without a V-shaped notch at one end and do not open at maturity. Seeds can be distinguished by their reddish colour, compressed shape in edge view and granular texture. Silicles are needed to distinguish between L. draba, L. chalepense and L. appelianum. L. appelianum silicles are strongly inflated and have surface hairs compared to the similar species.

Globe-pod hoary cress (Lepidium appelianum) seeds

Additional Botany Information

AUTRES RENSEIGNEMENTS BOTANIQUES

Lepidium appelianum inflorescence (Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org)

Similar Species

ESPÈCES SEMBLABLES

Similar species are based on a study of seed morphology of various species, and those with similar dispersal units are identified. The study is limited by physical specimen and literature availability at the time of examination, and possibly impacted by the subjectivity of the authors based on their knowledge and experience. Providing similar species information for seed identification is to make users aware of similarities that could possibly result in misidentification.

Lepidium chalepense L. (lens-pod hoary cress)

L. chalepense silicles are generally larger (length: 2.5 – 6.0 mm long; width: 4.0 – 6.0 mm, Francis and Warwick 2008), do not have surface hairs or as inflated in edge view. Seeds generally have a smaller radicle and a deeper surface furrow than L. appelianum.

Lepidium draba L. (heart-pod hoary cress)

L. draba silicles are generally smaller (length: 2.5 – 3.5 mm; width: 3.0 – 5.0 mm wide, Francis and Warwick 2008), without hairs, heart-shaped with a vein pattern.

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Reference(s)

Référence(s)

Brouillet, L., Coursol, F., Meades, S. J., Favreau, M., Anions, M., Bélisle, P. and Desmet, P. 2010+. VASCAN, the database of vascular plants of Canada. http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/ Accessed April 26, 2021.

Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI). 2021. Invasive Species Compendium, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/journal/cabicompendium Accessed April 26, 2021.

Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch. Ottawa, ON.

Flora of North America (FNA) Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico [Online]. 22+ vols. New York and Oxford.  http://beta.floranorthamerica.org. Accessed December 29, 2022.

Francis, A. and Warwick, S. I. 2008. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88: 379-401.

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat. 2022. https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei Accessed via https://www.gbif.org/species/5376811 Accessed December 29, 2022.

Government of Canada (GC). 2016. Canadian Weed Seeds Order. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2016-93/page-2.html (English) https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/fra/reglements/DORS-2016-93/page-2.html (French)

International Seed Morphology Association (ISMA). 2020. Method for Seed Size Measurement. Version 1.0. ISMA Publication Guide.  https://www.idseed.org/authors/details/method_for_seed_size_measurement.html

U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS). 2021. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx Accessed April 26, 2021.

Zouhar, K. 2004. Cardaria spp. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer), http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/carspp3/all.html Accessed May 30, 2016.

Author(s)

AUTEUR(S)

Jennifer Neudorf, Angela Salzl, Ruojing Wang, Karen Castro, Katrina Entwistle

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

contactus@idseed.org

Last updated
on 2023-03-27

© 2024 ISMA - International Seed Morphology Association