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Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.

Overview
General Information
ID Info
Similar Species
Need ID Help?
Aperçu
Renseignements Généraux
Informations D'identification
Espèces Semblables
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Family :

Famille :

Asteraceae

Synonym(s) :

Synonyme(s) :

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.

Common Name(s) :

Nom(s) commun(s) :

Ox-eye daisy
(English) (GC 2016)

Marguerite blanche (French) (GC 2016)

Marguerite daisy (English) (CABI 2020)

Moon daisy (English) (CABI 2020)

Margarita de los prados (Spanish) (CABI 2020)

Bin ju (Chinese) (CABI 2020)

Frühblühende Margerite (German) (CABI 2020)

Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achenes

  • Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achenes

  • Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achenes

  • Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achene

  • Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achene, side view

  • Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) top of the achene

Explore More :

Explore plus :

CABI

Overview

Aperçu

Regulation :

Remarques Réglementation:

  • CFIA Weed Seeds Order - Class 3: Secondary Noxious Weed Seeds
  • CFIA Weed Seeds Order - Class 5: Noxious Weed Seeds

Regulation Notes:

Distribution :

Répartition :

Native to Europe and western temperate Asia (USDA-ARS 2020). Naturalized in east and southern Africa, eastern temperate and southern tropical Asia, Australia, New Zealand, North America and parts of South America (USDA-ARS 2020). Occurs in all Canadian provinces and territories (Brouillet et al. 2010+).

Habitat and Crop Association :

Habitat et Cultures Associées :

Cultivated land, hayfields, pastures, gardens, lawns, rangeland, native grasslands, forest openings, abandoned croplands, roadways, railway embankments and disturbed areas (Darbyshire 2003; Clements et al. 2004).

Economic Use, cultivation area, and Weed Association :

Utilisation économique, zone de culture et association de mauvaises herbes :

Duration of Life Cycle :

Durée du cycle vital:

Perennial

Dispersal Unit Type :

Type d’unité de dispersion :

Achene

General Information

RENSEIGNEMENTS GÉNÉRAUX

Leucanthemum vulgare was introduced to North America as an ornamental and seed contaminant in the late 1700s. By 1800, it was well established in many areas of North America (Clements et al. 2004).

Reproduction occurs mainly through seeds but plants can also sprout from underground stems (Clements et al. 2004). A single plant may produce several thousand seeds per season that can remain viable in the soil for 5 to 40 years (Clements et al. 2004).

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Leucanthemum vulgare infestation in Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)

Identification

Identification

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  • Achene

    Size

    • Achene length*: 1.3 – 2.2 mm; width: 0.6 – 1.0 mm
    *Note: minimum and maximum of 10 achenes in a normal range of this species using image measurement (ISMA 2020)

    Shape

    • Achene cylindrical or wedge-shaped with truncate ends

    Surface Texture

    • Achene has 10 longitudinal ridges with smooth interspaces

    Colour

    • Achene surface shiny dark brown with white streaks, and brown or light brown ridges

    Other Features

    Pappus

    • The pappus is absent or reduced to a ring of scales, generally removed by processing (Clements et al. 2004)

    Achene end with pappus

    • A short and thick style remnant is in the centre of the pappus end of the achene, may be removed during processing

    Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achenes

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  • Seed

    Size

    • Seed size same as achene size

    Shape

    • Seed is cylindrical shaped with one pointed end

    Surface Texture

    • Seed surface is smooth

    Colour

    • Seed is straw-yellow coloured

    Other Features

    • Seed coat is transparent
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  • Embryo

    Size

    • Embryo fills the seed

    Shape

    • Embryo is spatulate shaped, axial position

    Endosperm

    • Endosperm absent, nutritive tissue stored in the cotyledons

Identification Tips

CONSEILS POUR L’IDENTIFICATION

The longitudinal, light coloured ridges with dark coloured stripes between them are distinctive for this species. Similar species, such as cultivated Leucanthemum x superbum, have much larger achenes than L. vulgare.

Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) achenes

Additional Botany Information

AUTRES RENSEIGNEMENTS BOTANIQUES

Flowers/Inflorescence

  • Flower heads are large (25.0 – 75. 0 mm diameter), disk shaped, with yellow disk flowers and white ray flowers (Clements et al. 2004)

Leucanthemum vulgare plants (Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org)

Similar Species

ESPÈCES SEMBLABLES

Similar species are based on a study of seed morphology of various species, and those with similar dispersal units are identified. The study is limited by physical specimen and literature availability at the time of examination, and possibly impacted by the subjectivity of the authors based on their knowledge and experience. Providing similar species information for seed identification is to make users aware of similarities that could possibly result in misidentification.

Leucanthemum x superbum (Bergmans ex J. W. Ingram) D. H. Kent (Shasta daisy)

L. x superbum achenes are generally larger (length*: 1.7 – 4.1 mm; width 0.6 – 1.4 mm) than L. vulgare with darker coloured longitudinal ridges.

*Note: minimum and maximum of 10 achenes in a normal range of this species using image measurement (ISMA 2020)

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Reference(s)

Référence(s)

Brouillet, L., Coursol, F., Meades, S. J., Favreau, M., Anions, M., Bélisle, P. and Desmet, P. 2010+. VASCAN, the database of vascular plants of Canada. http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/ Accessed November 23, 2020.

Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI). 2020. Invasive Species Compendium, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/journal/cabicompendium Accessed November 23, 2020.

Clements, D. R., Cole, D. E., Darbyshire, S., King, J. and McClay, A. 2004. The biology of Canadian weeds. 128. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84: 343-363.

Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch. Ottawa, ON

Flora of North America (FNA) Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico [Online]. 22+ vols. New York and Oxford.  Accessed December 29, 2022.

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat. 2022. https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei Accessed via https://www.gbif.org/species/8848598 Accessed December 29, 2022.

Government of Canada (GC). 2016. Canadian Weed Seeds Order. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2016-93/page-2.html (English) https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/fra/reglements/DORS-2016-93/page-2.html (French)

International Seed Morphology Association (ISMA). 2020. Method for Seed Size Measurement. Version 1.0. ISMA Publication Guide.   https://www.idseed.org/authors/details/method_for_seed_size_measurement.html

U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS). 2020. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx Accessed November 23, 2020.

Author(s)

AUTEUR(S)

Jennifer Neudorf, Angela Salzl, Ruojing Wang, Karen Castro, Katrina Entwistle

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

contactus@idseed.org

Last updated
on 2023-03-27

© 2024 ISMA - International Seed Morphology Association